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What is Hate Crime?

Illustration of two individuals with their backs to us, in a pink, blue and black colour palette. They have different identities, presenting differently. On the left, is a person in a blue sari with a purple blouse, hair tied in a bun, sporting a gold earring. Their face is not visible, and they are looking towards the left. On the right is a person with short, wavy hair which has soft curls, wearing a pink sleeveless top. Their face is also not visible, and they are looking ahead towards the right.
The phrase ‘Knowledge is Power’ is in all-caps, in a yellow, graffiti-like handwritten form.

TRANSPHOBIC VIOLENCE
AND HATE CRIME

It is essential to understand what constitutes a transphobic hate crime – sometimes survivors or even perpetrators are not aware of the violence of a certain action.

Hate

Speech

Verbal/written expressions that display or promote hostility towards the transgender community

bullying / cyber bullying / threats / death threats / threats of violence / etc.

Gender Based

Violence

Targeting an individual due to biological sex, gender identity, or conformity to societal gender norms either publicly or privately

physical / sexual / and psychological abuse / threats / coercion / deprivation of liberty / economic deprivation / etc.

Conversion

Therapy

Interventions that aim to change or suppress an individual’s sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression

conversion rape / aversion therapy / lobotomy / castration / hypnosis / faith-based conversion therapy / etc.

bullying / cyber bullying / threats / death threats / threats of violence /etc.

physical / sexual / and psychological abuse / threats / coercion / deprivation of liberty / economic deprivation / etc.

conversion rape / aversion therapy / lobotomy / castration / hypnosis / faith-based conversion therapy / etc.

Perpetrators

Transphobic violence can come from anyone – including individuals such as parents, family members or even intimate partners.

Friends & Family / Parents / Religious Authority / Neighbours / Workplace & Co-workers / Romantic Partners / Healthcare Providers / Strangers / Teacher / Mentor / Schoolmates / State / State Apparatus

Read More

Illustration of a person reading an open book, with pink lines and pictures. We are over this person’s shoulder, looking into the book. We can see a slight profile of their face but their eyes are not visible. They have long, loose, open hair which falls on their shoulders and is tucked behind their ear, which has three earrings, in a line. They are looking to the left, and are wearing a pink strappy top. The illustration sits in a circle with a paint-splatter effect, and the background within the circle is yellow.

Since 2016, APTN has collected information about trans murders in the Asia-Pacific region. This information can be found on TGEU’s TMM project website. On the International Trans Day of Remembrance (TDoR) in 2022, TGEU shared an update on Trans Murder Monitoring (TMM).

OCT 2021

OCT 2021

SEP 2022

327

MURDERS

of transgender and gender diverse persons

18

Yellow-filled outline map of Pakistan, a country in South Asia.

PAKISTAN

12

Yellow-filled outline map of India, a country in South Asia.

INDIA

3

Yellow-filled outline map of the Philippines, a country in South Asia.

PHILIPPINES

2

Yellow-filled outline map of Bangladesh, a country in South Asia.

BANGLADESH

2

Yellow-filled outline map of Thailand, a country in South-East Asia.

THAILAND

1

Yellow-filled outline map of Cambodia, a country in South Asia.

CAMBODIA

1

Yellow-filled outline map of China, a country in Asia.

CHINA

SEP 2022

Illustration of two framed images in blue, pink, yellow and black palette - each with a person in them. The one on the right is on top - the border is grey and the background is yellow. the person is facing us but has turned to the left with a pensive expression. The person has long hair, parted down the middle, pulled back behind their shoulder. They are wearing a pink saree and blouse, and also have a bindi, nosering, heavy earrings and a necklace. The framed image on the left also has a grey border and is slightly bigger but is underneath the previous image. It is a crop, revealing only the right side of the face of a person with long, loose, open hair and eyes looking directly ahead in a fierce gaze. Some strands of hair are across the face and a yellow earring is clearly visible. The collar of a blue shirt/top they are wearing is also visible.
Illustration of two framed images in blue, pink, yellow and black palette - each with a person in them. The one on the right is on top - the border is grey and the background is yellow. the person is facing us but has turned to the left with a pensive expression. The person has long hair, parted down the middle, pulled back behind their shoulder. They are wearing a pink saree and blouse, and also have a bindi, nosering, heavy earrings and a necklace. The framed image on the left also has a grey border and is slightly bigger but is underneath the previous image. It is a crop, revealing only the right side of the face of a person with long, loose, open hair and eyes looking directly ahead in a fierce gaze. Some strands of hair are across the face and a yellow earring is clearly visible. The collar of a blue shirt/top they are wearing is also visible.

These numbers shed light on a global problem tied to sexism, racism, prejudice, and discrimination. However, many cases remain unreported or unnoticed, underlining the need for greater awareness and action. Here are some examples in other parts of the world that have demonstrated the tangible impact of data collection initiatives.

Advocacy and awareness campaigns

The Trans Murder Monitoring project, led by Transgender Europe (TGEU), collects and analyzes data on transphobic murders worldwide. This initiative has helped raise awareness and fueled advocacy campaigns and action at global forums such as the United Nations.

Policy changes

In the UK, the Transgender Hate Crime Project collaborated with the police to collect data on transphobic hate crimes. This initiative led to the recognition of gender identity as a category in hate crime legislation and improved legal protections.

Improved support services

The National LGBTQ Task Force’s Transgender Discrimination Survey in the US collected data on transphobic incidents, which highlighted the need for improved healthcare services. As a result, healthcare providers have developed transgender-specific programs, clinics, and training.

Research and evidence-based interventions

The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) conducted surveys on the experiences of transgender individuals in various European countries. The data collected has been instrumental in identifying gaps in legal protections, healthcare, and education, and informed the development of evidence-based policies and interventions.